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PREFACE:

Machining processes produce finished products with a high degree of accuracy and surface quality. Conventional machining utilizes cutting tools that must be harder than the workpiece material. 

The use of difficult-to-cut materials encouraged efforts that led to the introduction of the nonconventional machining processes that are well-established in modern manufacturing industries. Single-action nontraditional machining processes are classified on the basis of the machining action causing the material removal from the workpiece. 

For each process, the material removal mechanism, machining system components, process variables, technological characteristics, and industrial applications are presented.

 The need for higher machining productivity, product accuracy, and surface quality led to the combination of two or more machining actions to form a new hybrid machining process.

 Based on the major mechanism causing the material removal process, two categories of hybrid machining processes are introduced. Areview of the existing hybrid machining processes is given together with current trends and research directions. For each hybrid machining process the method of material removal, machining system, process variables, and applications are discussed. 

This book provides a comprehensive reference for nontraditional machining processes as well as for the new hybrid machining ones. It is intended to be used for degree and postgraduate courses in production, mechanical, manufacturing, and industrial engineering. It is also useful to engineers working in the field of advanced machining technologies.

 In preparing the text, I paid adequate attention to presenting the subject in a simple and easy to understand way. Diagrams are simple and self-explanatory. I express my gratitude to all authors of various books, papers, Internet sites, and other literature which have been referred to in this book. I will be glad to receive comments and suggestions for enhancing the value of this book in future editions.

In Chap. 1, the history and progress of machining is introduced. The difference between traditional and nontraditional machining is explained. Examples for conventional machining by cutting and abrasion are given. Single-action nontraditional machining is classified according to the source of energy causing the material removal process. 

Hybrid machining occurs as a result of combining two or more machining phases. Hybrid machining is categorized according to the main material removal mechanism occurring during machining.

 Chapter 2 covers a wide range of mechanical nontraditional machining processes such as ultrasonic machining (USM), water jet machining (WJM), abrasive water jet machining (AWJM), ice jet machining (IJM), as well as magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). In these processes the mechanical energy is used to force the abrasives, water jets, and ice jets that cause mechanical abrasion (MA) to the workpiece material. 

In Chap. 3, the chemical machining processes such as chemical milling (CHM), photochemical machining (PCM), and electrolytic polishing (EP) are  discussed.  In  these  processes  the  material  is  mainly  removed through chemical dissolution (CD) occurring at certain locations of the workpiece surface. 

Chapter 4 deals with electrochemical machining (ECM) and related applications that include electrochemical drilling (ECDR), shaped tube electrolytic machining (STEM), electrostream (ES), electrochemical jet drilling (ECJD), and electrochemical deburring (ECB). The electrochemical dissolution (ECD) controls the rate of material removal. Machining processes that are based on the thermal machining action are described in 

Chap. 5. These include electrodischarge machining (EDM), laser beam machining (LBM), electron beam machining (EBM), plasma beam machining (BPM), and ion beam machining (IBM). In most of these processes, material is removed from the workpiece by melting and evaporation. Thermal properties of the machined parts affect the rate of material removal. Hybrid electrochemical machining processes are dealt with in Chap. 6. 

Some of these processes are mainly electrochemical with mechanical assistance using mechanical abrasion such as electrochemical grinding (ECG), electrochemical honing (ECH), electrochemical superfinishing (ECS), and electrochemical buffing (ECB). The introduction of ultrasonic assistance enhances the electrochemical dissolution action during ultrasonic-assisted  ECM  (USMEC).  

Laser  beams  activate  electrochemical reactions and hence the rate of material removal during laserassisted electrochemical machining (ECML). Chapter  7  covers  the  hybrid  thermal  machining  processes.  

Electrochemical dissolution (ECD) enhances the electrodischarge erosion action (EDE) during electroerosion dissolution machining (EEDM). Mechanical abrasion encourages the thermal erosion process during electrodischarge grinding  (EDG)  and  abrasive-assisted  electrodischarge  machining (AEDG and AEDM). 

Ultrasonic assistance encourages the discharging process during ultrasonic-assisted EDM (EDMUS). Triple-action hybrid machining occurs by combining both electrochemical dissolution (ECD) and mechanical abrasion to the main erosion phase during electrochemical discharge grinding (ECDG). 

Material addition processes are covered in Chap. 8. These include a wide range of rapid prototyping techniques that are mainly classified as liquid-, powder-, and solid-based techniques.